博客
关于我
强烈建议你试试无所不能的chatGPT,快点击我
接口自动化测试框架搭建 – Java+TestNG 测试Restful service
阅读量:4313 次
发布时间:2019-06-06

本文共 26991 字,大约阅读时间需要 89 分钟。

接口自动化测试 – Java+TestNG 测试 Restful Web Service

关键词:基于Rest的Web服务,接口自动化测试,数据驱动测试,测试Restful Web Service, 数据分离,Java+Maven+TestNG

 

本文主要介绍如何用Java针对Restful web service 做接口自动化测试(数据驱动),相比UI自动化,接口自动化稳定性可靠性高,实施难易程度低,做自动化性价比高。所用到的工具或类库有 TestNG, Apache POI, Jayway rest-assured,Skyscreamer - JSONassert

 

简介:

思想是数据驱动测试,用Excel来管理数据,‘Input’ Sheet中存放输入数据,读取数据后拼成request 调用service, 拿到response后写入 ‘Output’ Sheet 即实际结果, ‘Baseline’为基线(期望结果)用来和实际结果对比的,‘Comparison’ Sheet里存放的是对比结果不一致的记录,‘Result’ Sheet 是一个简单的结果报告。

 

Maven工程目录结构:

 

 

详细介绍

核心就一个测试类HTTPReqGenTest.java 由四部分组成

@BeforeTest  读取Excel (WorkBook) 的 ‘Input’ 和 ‘Baseline’ sheet

 

 

 

并且新建‘Output’, ‘Comparison’, ‘Result’ 三个空sheet

 

读取http_request_template.txt 内容转成string

 

 

@DataProvider (name = "WorkBookData")

TestNG的DataProvider, 首先用DataReader构造函数,读取Excel中Input的数据,放入HashMap<String, RecordHandler>, Map的key值就是test case的ID,value是RecordHandler对象,此对象中一个重要的成员属性就是input sheet里面 column和value 的键值对,遍历Map将test case ID 与 test case的value 即input sheet前两列的值放入List<Object[]> ,最后返回List的迭代器iterator (为了循环调用@Test方法)

 

@Test (dataProvider = "WorkBookData", description = "ReqGenTest")

测试方法,由DataProvider提供数据,首先根据ID去取myInputData里的RecordHandler, 由它和template 去生成request, 然后执行request 返回response,这些工作都是由HTTPReqGen.java这个类完成的,借助com.jayway.restassured, 返回的response是一个JSON体,通过org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONCompare 与Baseline中事先填好的期望结果(同样也是JSON格式)进行比较, 根据结果是Pass还是Fail, 都会相应的往Excel里的相应Sheet写结果。

 

@AfterTest

写入统计的一些数据

关闭文件流

 

实现代码:

 HTTPReqGenTest.java

package com.demo.qa.rest_api_test;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.nio.charset.Charset;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;import org.json.JSONException;import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONCompare;import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONCompareMode;import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.JSONCompareResult;import org.testng.Assert;import org.testng.ITest;import org.testng.ITestContext;import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;import org.testng.annotations.Test;import com.demo.qa.utils.DataReader;import com.demo.qa.utils.DataWriter;import com.demo.qa.utils.HTTPReqGen;import com.demo.qa.utils.RecordHandler;import com.demo.qa.utils.SheetUtils;import com.demo.qa.utils.Utils;import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;public class HTTPReqGenTest implements ITest {    private Response response;    private DataReader myInputData;    private DataReader myBaselineData;    private String template;    public String getTestName() {        return "API Test";    }        String filePath = "";        XSSFWorkbook wb = null;    XSSFSheet inputSheet = null;    XSSFSheet baselineSheet = null;    XSSFSheet outputSheet = null;    XSSFSheet comparsionSheet = null;    XSSFSheet resultSheet = null;        private double totalcase = 0;    private double failedcase = 0;    private String startTime = "";    private String endTime = "";        @BeforeTest    @Parameters("workBook")    public void setup(String path) {        filePath = path;        try {            wb = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filePath));        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        inputSheet = wb.getSheet("Input");        baselineSheet = wb.getSheet("Baseline");        SheetUtils.removeSheetByName(wb, "Output");        SheetUtils.removeSheetByName(wb, "Comparison");        SheetUtils.removeSheetByName(wb, "Result");        outputSheet = wb.createSheet("Output");        comparsionSheet = wb.createSheet("Comparison");        resultSheet = wb.createSheet("Result");        try {            InputStream is = HTTPReqGenTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("http_request_template.txt");            template = IOUtils.toString(is, Charset.defaultCharset());        } catch (Exception e) {            Assert.fail("Problem fetching data from input file:" + e.getMessage());        }                SimpleDateFormat sf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");        startTime = sf.format(new Date());    }    @DataProvider(name = "WorkBookData")    protected Iterator
testProvider(ITestContext context) { List
test_IDs = new ArrayList
(); myInputData = new DataReader(inputSheet, true, true, 0); Map
myInput = myInputData.get_map(); // sort map in order so that test cases ran in a fixed order Map
sortmap = Utils.sortmap(myInput); for (Map.Entry
entry : sortmap.entrySet()) { String test_ID = entry.getKey(); String test_case = entry.getValue().get("TestCase"); if (!test_ID.equals("") && !test_case.equals("")) { test_IDs.add(new Object[] { test_ID, test_case }); } totalcase++; } myBaselineData = new DataReader(baselineSheet, true, true, 0); return test_IDs.iterator(); } @Test(dataProvider = "WorkBookData", description = "ReqGenTest") public void api_test(String ID, String test_case) { HTTPReqGen myReqGen = new HTTPReqGen(); try { myReqGen.generate_request(template, myInputData.get_record(ID)); response = myReqGen.perform_request(); } catch (Exception e) { Assert.fail("Problem using HTTPRequestGenerator to generate response: " + e.getMessage()); } String baseline_message = myBaselineData.get_record(ID).get("Response"); if (response.statusCode() == 200) try { DataWriter.writeData(outputSheet, response.asString(), ID, test_case); JSONCompareResult result = JSONCompare.compareJSON(baseline_message, response.asString(), JSONCompareMode.NON_EXTENSIBLE); if (!result.passed()) { DataWriter.writeData(comparsionSheet, result, ID, test_case); DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, "false", ID, test_case, 0); DataWriter.writeData(outputSheet); failedcase++; } else { DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, "true", ID, test_case, 0); } } catch (JSONException e) { DataWriter.writeData(comparsionSheet, "", "Problem to assert Response and baseline messages: "+e.getMessage(), ID, test_case); DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, "error", ID, test_case, 0); failedcase++; Assert.fail("Problem to assert Response and baseline messages: " + e.getMessage()); } else { DataWriter.writeData(outputSheet, response.statusLine(), ID, test_case); if (baseline_message.equals(response.statusLine())) { DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, "true", ID, test_case, 0); } else { DataWriter.writeData(comparsionSheet, baseline_message, response.statusLine(), ID, test_case); DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, "false", ID, test_case, 0); DataWriter.writeData(outputSheet); failedcase++; } } } @AfterTest public void teardown() { SimpleDateFormat sf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); endTime = sf.format(new Date()); DataWriter.writeData(resultSheet, totalcase, failedcase, startTime, endTime); try { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath); wb.write(fileOutputStream); fileOutputStream.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}

 

DataReader

package com.demo.qa.utils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;/** * Class that read data from XSSF sheet *  */public class DataReader {    protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataReader.class);  private HashMap
map = new HashMap
(); private Boolean byColumnName = false; private Boolean byRowKey = false; private List
headers = new ArrayList
(); private Integer size = 0; public DataReader() { } /** * Primary constructor. Uses Apache POI XSSF to pull data from given excel workbook sheet. Data is stored in a * structure depending on the options from other parameters. * * @param sheet Given excel sheet. * @param has_headers Boolean used to specify if the data has a header or not. The headers will be used as field keys. * @param has_key_column Boolean used to specify if the data has a column that should be used for record keys. * @param key_column Integer used to specify the key column for record keys. */ public DataReader(XSSFSheet sheet, Boolean has_headers, Boolean has_key_column, Integer key_column) { XSSFRow myRow = null; HashMap
myList; size = 0; this.byColumnName = has_headers; this.byRowKey = has_key_column; try { if(byColumnName) { myRow = sheet.getRow(0); for(Cell cell: myRow) { headers.add(cell.getStringCellValue()); } size = 1; } for(; (myRow = sheet.getRow(size)) != null; size++ ) { myList = new HashMap
(); if(byColumnName) { for(int col = 0; col < headers.size(); col++ ) { if(col < myRow.getLastCellNum()) { myList.put(headers.get(col), getSheetCellValue(myRow.getCell(col))); // myRow.getCell(col).getStringCellValue()); } else { myList.put(headers.get(col), ""); } } } else { for(int col = 0; col < myRow.getLastCellNum(); col++ ) { myList.put(Integer.toString(col), getSheetCellValue(myRow.getCell(col))); } } if(byRowKey) { if(myList.size() == 2 && key_column == 0) { map.put(getSheetCellValue(myRow.getCell(key_column)), new RecordHandler(myList.get(1))); } else if(myList.size() == 2 && key_column == 1) { map.put(getSheetCellValue(myRow.getCell(key_column)), new RecordHandler(myList.get(0))); } else { map.put(getSheetCellValue(myRow.getCell(key_column)), new RecordHandler(myList)); } } else { map.put(Integer.toString(size), new RecordHandler(myList)); } } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Exception while loading data from Excel sheet:"+e.getMessage()); } } /** * Utility method used for getting an excel cell value. Cell's type is switched to String before accessing. * * @param cell Given excel cell. */ private String getSheetCellValue(XSSFCell cell) { String value = ""; try { cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); value = cell.getStringCellValue(); } catch(NullPointerException npe) { return ""; } return value; } /** * Returns entire HashMap containing this class's data. * * @return HashMap
, map of ID-Record data. */ public HashMap
get_map() { return map; } /** * Gets an entire record. * * @param record String key value for record to be returned. * @return HashMap of key-value pairs representing the specified record. */ public RecordHandler get_record(String record) { RecordHandler result = new RecordHandler(); if(map.containsKey(record)) { result = map.get(record); } return result; }}

 

HTTPReqGen

package com.demo.qa.utils;import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.given;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;import com.jayway.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;/** * Wrapper for RestAssured. Uses an HTTP request template and a single record housed in a RecordHandler object to * generate and perform an HTTP requests. *  */public class HTTPReqGen {    protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPReqGen.class);  private RequestSpecification reqSpec;  private String call_host = "";  private String call_suffix = "";  private String call_string = "";  private String call_type = "";  private String body = "";  private Map
headers = new HashMap
(); private HashMap
cookie_list = new HashMap
(); public Map
getHeaders() { return headers; } public String getCallString() { return call_string; } /** * Constructor. Initializes the RequestSpecification (relaxedHTTPSValidation avoids certificate errors). * */ public HTTPReqGen() { reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation(); } public HTTPReqGen(String proxy) { reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation().proxy(proxy); } /** * Pulls HashMap from given RecordHandler and calls primary generate_request method with it. * * @param template String, should contain the full template. * @param record RecordHandler, the input data used to fill in replacement tags that exist in the template. * @return this Reference to this class, primarily to allow request generation and performance in one line. * @throws Exception */ public HTTPReqGen generate_request(String template, RecordHandler record) throws Exception { return generate_request(template, (HashMap
) record.get_map()); } /** * Generates request data, using input record to fill in the template and then parse out relevant data. To fill in the * template, identifies tags surrounded by << and >> and uses the text from the corresponding fields in the * RecordHandler to replace them. The replacement is recursive, so tags may also exist in the fields of the * RecordHandler so long as they are also represented by the RecordHandler and do not form an endless loop. * After filling in the template, parses the resulting string in preparation for performing the HTTP request. Expects the * the string to be in the following format: * * <
> <
> * Host: <
> * <
>:<
> * ... * <
>: <
> * * <
> * * <
> must be GET, PUT, POST, or DELETE. <
> must be a string with no spaces. It is appended to * <
> to form the complete call string. After a single blank line is encountered, the rest of the file * is used as the body of text for PUT and POST calls. This function also expects the Record Handler to include a field * named "VPID" containing a unique record identifier for debugging purposes. * * @param template String, should contain the full template. * @param record RecordHandler, the input data used to fill in replacement tags that exist in the template. * @return this Reference to this class, primarily to allow request generation and performance in one line. * @throws Exception */ public HTTPReqGen generate_request(String template, HashMap
record) throws Exception { String filled_template = ""; Boolean found_replacement = true; headers.clear(); try { // Splits template into tokens, separating out the replacement strings // like <
> String[] tokens = tokenize_template(template); // Repeatedly perform replacements with data from record until no // replacements are found // If a replacement's result is an empty string, it will not throw an // error (but will throw one if there is no column for that result) while(found_replacement) { found_replacement = false; filled_template = ""; for(String item: tokens) { if(item.startsWith("<<") && item.endsWith(">>")) { found_replacement = true; item = item.substring(2, item.length() - 2); if( !record.containsKey(item)) { logger.error("Template contained replacement string whose value did not exist in input record:[" + item + "]"); } item = record.get(item); } filled_template += item; } tokens = tokenize_template(filled_template); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Problem performing replacements from template: ", e); } try { // Feed filled template into BufferedReader so that we can read it line // by line. InputStream stream = IOUtils.toInputStream(filled_template, "UTF-8"); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream)); String line = ""; String[] line_tokens; // First line should always be call type followed by call suffix line = in.readLine(); line_tokens = line.split(" "); call_type = line_tokens[0]; call_suffix = line_tokens[1]; // Second line should contain the host as it's second token line = in.readLine(); line_tokens = line.split(" "); call_host = line_tokens[1]; // Full call string for RestAssured will be concatenation of call // host and call suffix call_string = call_host + call_suffix; // Remaining lines will contain headers, until the read line is // empty line = in.readLine(); while(line != null && !line.equals("")) { String lineP1 = line.substring(0, line.indexOf(":")).trim(); String lineP2 = line.substring(line.indexOf(" "), line.length()).trim(); headers.put(lineP1, lineP2); line = in.readLine(); } // If read line is empty, but next line(s) have data, create body // from them if(line != null && line.equals("")) { body = ""; while( (line = in.readLine()) != null && !line.equals("")) { body += line; } } } catch(Exception e) { logger.error("Problem setting request values from template: ", e); } return this; } /** * Performs the request using the stored request data and then returns the response. * * @return response Response, will contain entire response (response string and status code). */ public Response perform_request() throws Exception { Response response = null; try { for(Map.Entry
entry: headers.entrySet()) { reqSpec.header(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } for(Map.Entry
entry: cookie_list.entrySet()) { reqSpec.cookie(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } switch(call_type) { case "GET": { response = reqSpec.get(call_string); break; } case "POST": { response = reqSpec.body(body).post(call_string); break; } case "PUT": { response = reqSpec.body(body).put(call_string); break; } case "DELETE": { response = reqSpec.delete(call_string); break; } default: { logger.error("Unknown call type: [" + call_type + "]"); } } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Problem performing request: ", e); } return response; } /** * Splits a template string into tokens, separating out tokens that look like "<
>" * * @param template String, the template to be tokenized. * @return list String[], contains the tokens from the template. */ private String[] tokenize_template(String template) { return template.split("(?=[<]{2})|(?<=[>]{2})"); }}

 

RecordHandler

package com.demo.qa.utils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;public class RecordHandler {  private enum RecordType {    VALUE, NAMED_MAP, INDEXED_LIST  }  private String single_value = "";  private HashMap
named_value_map = new HashMap
(); private List
indexed_value_list = new ArrayList
(); private RecordType myType; public RecordHandler() { this(""); } public RecordHandler(String value) { this.myType = RecordType.VALUE; this.single_value = value; } public RecordHandler(HashMap
map) { this.myType = RecordType.NAMED_MAP; this.named_value_map = map; } public RecordHandler(List
list) { this.myType = RecordType.INDEXED_LIST; this.indexed_value_list = list; } public HashMap
get_map() { return named_value_map; } public int size() { int result = 0; if(myType.equals(RecordType.VALUE)) { result = 1; } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.NAMED_MAP)) { result = named_value_map.size(); } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST)) { result = indexed_value_list.size(); } return result; } public String get() { String result = ""; if(myType.equals(RecordType.VALUE)) result = single_value; else { System.out.println("Called get() on wrong type:" + myType.toString()); } return result; } public String get(String key) { String result = ""; if(myType.equals(RecordType.NAMED_MAP)) result = named_value_map.get(key); return result; } public String get(Integer index) { String result = ""; if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST)) result = indexed_value_list.get(index); return result; } public Boolean set(String value) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.VALUE)) { this.single_value = value; result = true; } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST)) { this.indexed_value_list.add(value); result = true; } return result; } public Boolean set(String key, String value) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.NAMED_MAP)) { this.named_value_map.put(key, value); result = true; } return result; } public Boolean set(Integer index, String value) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST)) { if(this.indexed_value_list.size() > index) this.indexed_value_list.set(index, value); result = true; } return result; } public Boolean has(String value) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.VALUE) && this.single_value.equals(value)) { result = true; } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.NAMED_MAP) && this.named_value_map.containsKey(value)) { result = true; } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST) && this.indexed_value_list.contains(value)) { result = true; } return result; } public Boolean remove(String value) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.VALUE) && this.single_value.equals(value)) { this.single_value = ""; result = true; } if(myType.equals(RecordType.NAMED_MAP) && this.named_value_map.containsKey(value)) { this.named_value_map.remove(value); result = true; } else if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST) && this.indexed_value_list.contains(value)) { this.indexed_value_list.remove(value); result = true; } return result; } public Boolean remove(Integer index) { Boolean result = false; if(myType.equals(RecordType.INDEXED_LIST) && this.indexed_value_list.contains(index)) { this.indexed_value_list.remove(index); result = true; } return result; }}

 

其它不重要的类不一一列出来了。

 

pom.xml

4.0.0
com.demo
qa
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
Automation
Test project for Demo
UTF-8
maven-compiler-plugin
3.1
1.7
1.7
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-jar-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-surefire-plugin
maven-dependency-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-jar-plugin
2.5
default-jar
test-jar
com.demo.qa.utils.TestStartup
true
lib/
false
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-surefire-plugin
2.17
true
src\test\resources\HTTPReqGenTest.xml
maven-dependency-plugin
2.8
default-cli
package
copy-dependencies
${project.build.directory}/lib
org.eclipse.m2e
lifecycle-mapping
1.0.0
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-dependency-plugin
[1.0.0,)
copy-dependencies
org.apache.commons
commons-lang3
3.3.2
commons-io
commons-io
2.4
com.jayway.restassured
rest-assured
2.3.3
com.jayway.restassured
json-path
2.3.3
org.apache.poi
poi
3.10.1
commons-codec
commons-codec
org.testng
testng
6.8
commons-cli
commons-cli
1.2
org.apache.poi
poi-ooxml
3.10.1
xml-apis
xml-apis
org.skyscreamer
jsonassert
1.2.3
org.slf4j
slf4j-api
1.7.7
org.slf4j
slf4j-simple
1.7.6

 

运行是通过TestNG的xml文件来执行的, 里面配置了Parameter “workBook” 的路径

 

 

 

TestNG的运行结果都是Pass, 但事实上里面有case是Fail的,我只是借助TestNG来运行,我并没有在@Test方法里加断言Assert, 所以这里不会Fail, 我的目的是完全用Excel来管理维护测试数据以及测试结果,做到数据脚本完全分离。

 

 

Output sheet

 

Comparison sheet

 

Result sheet

 

 

当然 你也可以把maven工程打成一个可执行jar来运行,不过需要增加一个main函数作为入口,xml测试文件通过参数传递进去,另外还需要在pom里配置一些插件,像maven-jar-plugin。

如果你还需要做back-end DB check,你可以在Input里再增加几列,你要查询的表,字段,Baseline里也相应的加上期望结果,这里就不再赘述了。

 

 

注:转载需注明出处及作者名。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/111testing/p/6198748.html

你可能感兴趣的文章
java常见3种文件上传速度对比和文件上传方法详细代码
查看>>
SVD总结
查看>>
python基础教程(三)
查看>>
PL SQL Developer中文乱码
查看>>
字符串知识大全
查看>>
软件目录结构规范及堂兄弟文件引用
查看>>
H5 WebSocket通信和WCF支持WebSocket通信
查看>>
文件上传
查看>>
不能在此路径中使用此配置节。如果在父级别上锁定了该节,便会出现这种情况...
查看>>
Linux的IO性能监控工具iostat详解
查看>>
老杨聊架构:每个架构师都应该研究下康威定律
查看>>
1022: 锤子剪刀布
查看>>
RESTful-rest_framework认证组件、权限组件、频率组件-第五篇
查看>>
手机自带功能调用
查看>>
百度搜索引擎取真实地址-python代码
查看>>
java 多线程 Future callable
查看>>
字符串操作练习:星座、凯撒密码、99乘法表
查看>>
Java实现字符串转换十六进制MD5值
查看>>
MySQL数据库8(十七)数据库的备份还原
查看>>
tensorflow 梯度下降以及summary
查看>>